Lightning rods and accessories - Aplicaciones Tecnológicas

Air terminals and accessories, conductors and earthing components for lightning protection installations

pararrayos y accesorios, Air terminals and accessories, Para-raios e acessórios, Paratonnerres et accessoires
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Air terminals and accessories, conductors and earthing components for lightning protection systems

Lightning is one of the most naturally destructive phenomena. There is no device capable of preventing the formation of lightning, but it is possible to minimize its effects with a lightning protection system.
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Which are the elements that compose an integral lightning protection system?

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Air termination system
Air terminals (Early Streamer Emission (ESE) air terminals or Franklin rods and meshed conductors

The lightning air terminal is an essential piece of the lightning protection system. It must be the point of controlled impact of a discharge, so as to provide the lightning current with a path to ground without damaging the protected structure.

ESE Air Terminals are characterized by emitting a continuous upward leader before any other object within their protection radius. The DAT CONTROLER® line from Aplicaciones Tecnológicas DAT Controler Plus and DAT Controler Remote) have passed all tests according to the regulations and have the best operational guarantees. In fact, Aplicaciones Tecnológicas S.A.’s DAT CONTROLER® lightning rods are the only ones in the world with the strick N certification from AENOR.

Protection by Franklin rods and meshed conductors consists in distributing and dissipating the discharge current of lightning through a network of down conductors and earthing systems. The installation, sections and materials must comply with the provisions of the standards that define this type of system (series IEC 62305, IEC 62561).

ESE air terminals

ESE air terminals emit a continuous upward leader before any other object, which increments the protection zone and provides lightning current a safe path to the earthing, thus protecting people and structures within its protection radius.

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DAT CONTROLER® PLUS

Early Streamer Emission (ESE) air terminal that offer the highest performance guarantees.
Franklin rods

Lightning protection using franklin rods and meshed conductors is used to share and dissipate the lightning current through a network of down-conductors and earth terminations.

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Air termination rod

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Taper pointed air rod

These air rods are available in copper or aluminium.
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Threaded lightning rod

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Lightning rod for wedge

Non-threaded lightning rods suitable for use with stackable wedge concrete bases.
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Gunmetal multi-point

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Multi-point

Multi-point with naval brass adapting piece. Suitable for use with mast 1½”.
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Air terminal with mast

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Ø10 taper pointed air rod

These air rods are available in copper or aluminium.
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Light air rod

Hollow air terminal.
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Self-supporting air termination rod

Tapered air-terminal rod with hinged tripod support for protection of roof structures that stick out, such air conditioning systems. The air terminal rods are designed for wind speed of up to 145 km/h. The stackable concrete bases, the flat washers and the clip for round conductor Ø6-10 mm. The rod is made of aluminium. The rod is made of aluminium.
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Copper multi-point with mast

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Strike pad

Equipped with a screw to fix the lightning conductors.

Down conductors

The aim of the down conductors is to drive the lightning current from the air termination system to earth. They require connection and fixing accessories.

Conductors

Tape, cable and round conductors for lightning protection that follow the norm for the lightning protection systems.

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Copper-steel bimetal conductor

Copper-steel conductors (Cu 25%) maintain the electrical characteristics of the electrolytic copper, along with the best mechanical properties of steel.
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Bare copper tape conductors

Copper tape recommended as a down-conductor for lightning protection systems.
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PVC covered copper tape conductors

Copper tape coated in PVC used to blend the down-conductor into the building.
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PVC covered aluminium tape conductors

Aluminium tape coated in PVC used to blend the down-conductor into
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Stainless steel tape conductors

Stainless steel tape is strongly recommended in highly corrosive environments.
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Hard drawn copper bars

Hard drawn copper bars are suitable for rigid connections.
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Bare solid round

Solid round conductors are more suitable for corrosive environments.
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Copper-clad aluminium bimetal conductor

Copper-clad aluminium conductors (Cu 15%) maintain the electrical characteristics of copper conductors but with a lower cost. Installation with this material is easier than using copper-steel due to its high malleability.
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Tinned copper tape conductors

Tin-plated copper tape is recommended for use as a down-conductor and earth conductor in lightning protection systems.
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Aluminium tape conductors

Aluminium tape is easier to install than copper tape but has lower conductivity. Not suitable for direct contact with the soil.
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Galvanized steel tape conductors

Galvanized steel tape has an acceptable resistance to corrosion in air, concrete and non-chemically aggressive soil.
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Flexible copper braid conductors

The copper braid is recommended when there is movement between the equipotentially connected objects.
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Stranded electrolytic copper cable

Stranded cable is easier to install than solid round conductor.
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PVC covered solid round

Solid round conductors coated in PVC are used to blend the down-conductor into the building.
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Connection and fixing
accessories

Essential components for connecting and fixing the conductors and other elements of the installation. They should reist the lightning electrodynamic effects, the corrosion and other environmental effects.

Rods supports

Accessories to fix them to the structures.

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Adapting piece

Suitable for fixing the lightning rod in the mast with internal conductor (tape, cable or round) connection.
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Air rod base

Used for supporting lightning conductor air terminals on the flat roof and connecting to the tape.
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Rod brackets

This unit screws onto the air rod and connects to the tape by means of the screws provided.
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Rod to tape coupling

This unit screws onto the air rod and connects to the cable by means of the screws provided.
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Horizontal air terminal saddle

Used for supporting Ø10 mm taper pointed air rods on the wall and connecting them to the cable or round.
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Reduced anchorage

Used for supporting Ø10 mm taper pointed air rods on the roof and connecting to the cable or round. They are not recommended for use in combination with the 1 m taper pointed air rods.
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Adjustable tile anchorage

Used for supporting Franklin air termination rods onto the roof tiles without them becoming damaged. This anchorage adjusts to different sizes and inclinations of tiles.
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Special rod support

For fixing air rods with M10 male or female threads to vertical surfaces or to the top of the aerial mast. The AT-030M is for masts from Ø6 – 50 mm.
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Metallic support

These supports are fixed using screws or adhesive to flat surfaces or welded onto metal structures. Suitable for use with rods such as AT-053L.
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Ridge saddle

Used for supporting lightning conductor air terminals on the ridge of the roof and connecting to the tape.
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Flat saddle

Used for supporting lightning conductor air terminals on the flat roof and connecting to the cable or round.
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Rod to cable coupling

These brackets are mainly used where it is not possible to fit a saddle on the roof.
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Vertical air terminal saddle

An additional fixing AT-192E or AT-193E may be used for 1 m taper pointed air rods.
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Ridge anchorage

Anchorage for 16 to 34 mm air rods to be screwed into the wall. The anchorages need a minimum of 50 cm between each other and at least 20 cm fromthe top of the wall in order to ensure correct attachment. Clip included for Ø6-10 mmconductor.
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Naval brass roof clamp

Used for bonding copper tape to water pipes.
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Concrete base

Used to fix air termination rods to flat roofs. These bases are not recommended for use with airrods over 3 m high due to wind load. AT-029B only allows Ø10 x 1000 mm and Ø16 x 1000 mm air termination
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Conical rod holder

Rod holder for flat roofs where it is not possible to drill in order to secure the rod, such as bitumen roofs. Supplied empty to be then filled with concrete. The lip at the bottom of the cone allows it to be embedded in concrete or bitumen. It can also be sealed with polymer.
Anchorages for masts

They must be robust, to support the weight of the lightning rod with the mast, and not damage the structures.

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U shaped anchorage

1” – 1½” mast anchorage to be embedded or screwed into the wall. The 60 cm U-shaped anchorages are designed to avoid obstacles such as cornices of up to 50 cm. The anchorages need a minimum of 60 cm between each other and at least 30 cm from the top of the wall in order to ensure correct attachment.
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Mast to trestle tower anchorage

1” – 1½” mast anchorage to be fixed to trestle towers. Not recommended for masts higher than 6 m. The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
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Parallel anchorage

Double bracket anchoring system for fixing 1” – 1½” mast in parallel to vertical sections of handrail or piping. The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other, and a robust structure, in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
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Adjustable anchorage

Due to the covers or cornices of the roofs, a substantial horizontal distance needs to be avoided. In these cases it is necessary to use the extendible tube (60 to 80 cm).The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
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Mast anchorage for flat roof

1 ½” mast support for flat roofs which can be drilled. If not, a concrete base will be required. 70 x 70 x 25 cm concrete base is recommended in order to avoid any damage to the roof.
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Angle bar anchorage

1” – 1½” mast anchorage to be welded to metal structures. The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other in order to ensure they are correctly.
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Light anchorage

1” – 1½” mast anchorage to be embedded or screwed into the wall. The anchorages need a minimum of 60 cm between each other and at least 30 cm from the top of the wall in order to ensure correct attachment.
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Lamppost anchorage

1” – 1½” mast anchorage fixture adjustable for conic structures such as lamp posts.The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
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Cross shaped anchorage

Cross-shape double bracket anchoring system, for fixing 1” – 1 ½”mast to horizontal sections of handrail or piping. The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other, and a robust structure, in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
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Mast to post anchorage

Suitable for fixing a 1” – 1½” mast to a 25 cm square or round post. The anchorages require a minimum of 60 cm between each other in order to ensure they are correctly fixed.
Clip supports

Supports for down-conductors.

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Conical roof conductor holder

Conductor holder for flat roofs where it is not possible to drill in order to secure the conductor, such as bitumen roofs. The lip at the bottom of the cone allows it to be embedded in concrete or bitumen. It can also be sealed with polymer.
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Metal fixation

Component for fixing cable or tape clips onto metal surfaces.
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Spring tile support

For fixing the conductor clips to tile. This support has a spring to adapt to tiles ranging from 180 to 280 mm.
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Clip support for roofs

Different solutions for fixing the conductor clips to the roof.
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Gutter clamp

Clamp for Ø6-10 mm round conductor to be fixed at the edge of the gutter.
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Back plate holdfast

Used when the installation requires the conductor to be fixed at a certain distance from the surface.Plug and screw included.
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Screwdriver downpipe support

Rainwater support, adjustable with a screwdriver.
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Downpipe clamp

50 -120 mm rainwater pipe clamp, for Ø6 – 10 mm round conductor or 25 – 70 mm2 cable.
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Downpipe cable holder

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Pipe bond

Used to fix an 8 mm diameter down-conductor to large diameter piping.
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Rainwater pipe (RWP) bond

This bonds copper or aluminium tapes to metal circular surfaces such as rainwater pipes, handrails, etc. The bolt size is M10.
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Roof conductor holder

Double hold-fast concrete support for cable or round conductor.
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Curve tile support

For fixing the conductor clips to curved tiles.
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Sandwich roof support

Corrugated or sandwich roof supports. The support employs existent metal sheet fixings.
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Tile support

For fixing the clip to the tile without causing any damage in such a way that the conductor can be fixed afterwards.
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Extension

Used when the installation requires the conductor to be fixed at a certain distance from the surface. Plug and screw included.
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Glazing bar holdfast

Suitable for fixing any clip to narrow flanges such as metal profiles.
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Earthing pipe clamp

Rainwater support with clamp to connect to earthing system or to fix the down-conductor.
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Downpipe support

Different pieces to customize your downpipe support.
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Aluminium downpipe cable holder

Aluminium rainwater pipe conductor holder, for Ø8 mm or 50 mm2 cable.
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Watermain pipe bond

Used for bonding copper tape to water pipes.
Test clamps

Test joints that can be opened with the right tools to disconnect the earth from other elements and therefore we can measure them.

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Tape test clamp

Specially used for disconnection and test purposes for tape conductors.
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Uni disconnecting cable clamp

Linear connection between cables.
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Cable and tape test clamp

Especially used for disconnection and testing purposes for cable, round or tape conductors.
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Bimetallic connector

Used for bonding copper, aluminium or galvanized steel conductors, preventing galvanic coupling, particularly where an aluminium or galvanized steel lightning protection system has to be connected to a copper earthing system.
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Uni disconnecting tape clamp

Linear connection between cable and tape.
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Uni disconnecting cable and tape clamp

Linear connection between cable and tape.
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Test joint

Disconnecting sleeve between galvanized steel round and tape conductor.
Spark gap

Connections that are only activated when installation receives an impact.

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Spark gap for aerial mast

Aerials are particularly exposed to lightning strikes and their consequences. The lightning protection system must protect the aerial against direct impact, however part of the lightning current could side-strike it and follow an uncontrolled path to earth. Even if it is only part of the lightning current, the damage caused could be very significant. The AT-060F protector is connected to the aerial mast in order to ensure an equipotential bond between metal elements, thereby preventing dangerous sparks between the lightning protection system and the aerial mast, which could result in fire and damage to the structure.
Masts & towers

It is needed an adequate mast or anchorage to fix the lightning rod in the correct height to protect all of the elements.

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Masts for wall or structural fixing

Elevation up to 8 m. For attachment using 2 anchorage supports, except those which are 8 m high, in which case 3 anchorage supports are needed. The distance between supports must be 60 cm. In atmospheres with a high level of corrosion, the use of stainless steel masts is recommended.
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Free standing mast

Self supporting mast with polygonal section measured for wind velocity up to 250 Km/h. Ø1½” at the top. They are made of pyramidal trunk sections that slot into each other so the sections do not need to be joined by stud-bolts or welding and the hinge means they can be raised using a small crane. It is possible to install a lightning strike counter AT-034G inside the mast behind the inspection hatch in the base.
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Trestle tower

Towers that elevate up to 26.5 m with guy wires included. Ø1½” x 3 m mast is included. Each triangular section measures 180 mm x 3 m. If the flat roof cannot be perforated, a concrete base is needed for the trestle tower and the guy wire anchorages. 3 guy wire must be installed with 120º between them. The trestle towers can also be placed on walls using a trestle tower-wall anchorage. They must be assembled section by section and tightened using guy wires. The 3 guy wire anchorages must be joined to the downconductor at fixation level.
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Self supported tower

1½” elevation fixture up to 26 m. The total height from ground includes the tower + 6 m mast that is provided.
Tape clips

Staples for fastening the cables to all types of surfaces.

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Tape buckle clip

Down-conductor holder suitable for fixing 30 x 2 or 30 x 3.5 mm tape to flat surface. The AT-006E and AT-061E include suitable screws and neoprene washers for metal sheets or sandwich panels. AT-012E and AT-019E include self-drill double screws and neoprene washers for metal structures. AT-216E and AT-217E are designed to overcome obstacles such as cornices.
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B bond

This connection bonds the copper or aluminium tapes with the metal structures. The screw size is M10.
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Tape clip

Suitable for securing the tape conductors to a flat surface, using two screws. Plugs and screws included.
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Light bracket

Down-conductor clip for fixing 30 x 2 mm or 30 x 3.5 mm tape to flat surface. Using AT-050E with bare copper tape may cause galvanic coupling. Plug and screw included.
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Heavy duty cast cable saddle

Suitable for securing the tape conductors to a flat surface, using two screws. Plugs and
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Metallic cable clip

Down-conductor clip for fixing round conductor or cable to flat surface.
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Push-in cable clip

Hold-fast clip to secure round conductor or cable.
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Nylon cable clip ø13 - 16 mm

Nylon clip to secure round conductor or cable. Also suitable for securing air termination rods to the side of the building.
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Clamping frame

Used for fixing down-conductors (round conductor or cable) to metal structures. Include M8 x 30 mm bolt.
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Conductor-mast support clip

Down-conductor clip for fixing 1” – ½” pipe on the exterior of the mast.
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DC tape clip

Suitable for fixing the tape conductor to the building. Plug and screw included.
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Metallic tape clip

Down-conductor support clip for 30 x 2 or 30 x 3.5 mm tape to flat surfaces.
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Push-in tape clip

Hold-fast clip to secure the tape conductor to a flat surface. Plug and screw included.
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Naval brass cable clip

Down-conductor clip for fixing round conductor or cable to flat surface. AT-011E suitable to use on corners. The AT-009E includes screws and washers suitable for metal sheets or sandwich panels. AT-262E includes self-drill double screw and neoprene washer for metal structures. AT-013E and AT-014E are designed to avoid obstacles such as cornices.
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Tower earth clamp

They bond copper cable or round conductor to metal structures. M10 bolts are used for AT-026J and AT-027J. Other references have M12 screws.
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KS cable clip

For connecting round conductor or cable to flat profiles.
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Nylon cable clip ø6 - 10 mm

Nylon clip to secure round conductor or cable.
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Nylon holdfast cable clip

Nylon clip to secure round conductor or cable.
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One hole cable clip

Simple holder to secure cable or round conductor to the wall. Plug and screw included.
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Nylon conductor clip

Nylon clips to secure round, cable or tape conductor.
Clamps

Mechanical connectors to provide continuity to the lightning protection system.

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Square tape clamp

Linear, T, L and cross-shape equipotential bonds for tape.
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Square tape and cable clamp

Linear, T, L and cross-shape equipotential bonds for round, cable and tape.
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Straight clamp

Linear joint for cable or round conductor.
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Universal clamp

Cross or parallel bond between copper cables or round conductors.
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Metal sheet clamp

Equipotential bond between round, cable or tape and metal sheet.quipotential bonds for round conductor and cable.
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Square cable clamp

Linear, T, L and cross-shape equipotential bonds for round conductor and cable.
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T clamp

T equipotential bonds for round conductor and cable.
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Parallel clamp

Parallel bond for cable or round conductor. AT-013F is used for bonds between copper and aluminium conductors, preventing galvanic coupling.
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Split bolt clamp type H

Parallel bond between two stranded or solid round conductors.
Other accesories

Additional accessories for the installation of the lightning rod and down conductors.

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Guard tubes

Anti-vandal guard for cable or tape down-conductors. In order to avoid the cable breaking due to accidental impacts, it is necessary to install a guard tube, which is at least 2 metres high, wherever the cable is accessible. AT-056G is recommended to prevent touch voltages in public buildings with low resistivity soil.
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Flexible braid bond

This flexible braid allows an equipotential bond between diverse metal elements such as fences, doors and windows. Fixed using Ø11 mm holes.
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Cover plate

To be used in conjunction with any screw threaded attachments in order to protect it
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Puddle flange

Enables the conductor to pass through the roof.
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Wire straightener

For straightening round conductors made of medium-hard materials.
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Bimetallic sheet (Cupal)

To prevent galvanic coupling between conductors and structures of a different kind.
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Expansion unit

For thermal expansion of longer conductors.
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Watertight cone

It prevents water penetrating flat roof surfaces. Used with Ø6 to 50 mm air rods and masts.
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Asphalt strip

from water on vertical surfaces.
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Hanging guy wire kit

For installing guy wire to hold the cable or round conductor over flat traffic-bearing terraces. The cable is joined to the guy wire using AT-046C.
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Anti-corrosion spray

This cold galvanizer spray protects all kind of metals from corrosion. Specially used to protect welding.
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Trestle tower accessories

Different devices to complete a trestle tower installation.

Earthing and other measures that minimize damages caused by lightning (equipotential bonding, surge protection)

Earthing conducts and disperses the lightning current to the ground. These measures, together with the equipotential bonding, prevent physical damage to structures. However, the effects of lightning can also enter through the service lines themselves. To prevent damage to electrical and electronic equipment surge protection devices are installed.

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Enhanced electrodes

APLIROD® dynamic electrodes and graphite electrodes for rocky terrains, high resistivity.

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APLIROD® dynamic electrode

Earthing systems using dynamic electrodes are based on the contribution of ions to the ground. The system consists of a copper electrode (APLIROD®) filled with a mixture of ionic compounds. The moisture condenser absorbs environmental moisture and dissip.

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Graphite electrode

The fact that graphite exhibits high electrical and thermal conductivity and is unassailable and inert to chemical agents, makes it a very suitable element for building an earth electrode. The materials used as filling (graphite powder and thin clay-like powder) ensure contact between the electrode and the ground thanks to its capacity to penetrate even cracks in rocks.

Earth electrodes

Copper-plated steel poles and other materials, easy to install, for low resistivity terrain.

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254 µm copperbond earth rods

Aplicaciones Tecnológicas, S.A. uses copperbond earth rods of a high quality which comply with even the most demanding regulations in order to achieve long-lasting earthing. All these earth rods are electrolytically coated with copper which is 254 µm thick and 99.9% pure, with a proven resistance to corrosion.

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Copperbond earth rods couplings

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Solid copper earth rods

Solid copper rods enable long-lasting earthing in ground with high corrosion levels. Threaded electrodes with the correct accessories enable the length to be increased, thus achieving a better earth resistance.

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Stainless steel earth rods

Stainless steel earth rods enable long-lasting earthing in ground with high corrosion levels. Threaded electrodes with the correct accessories enable the length to be increased, thus achieving a better earth resistance.

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Copper and stainless steel earth rods couplings

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Galvanized steel earth rods

Galvanized steel earth rods are a good option to obtain a good earth resistance in unaggressive ground. There are extendible models to reach longer lengths and achieve better earth resistance.

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Galvanized steel earth rods couplings

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Goose foot

The goose foot is a configuration recommended by lightning protection standards UNE 21186 and NF C 17-102 in order to obtain low inductance in the earthing system. It consists of 30 x 2 mm tin-plated copper tape

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Earth plates

The use of earth plates as electrodes significantly reduces the resistance of earthing in stony grounds, as it increases the area of contact between the electrode and the ground.

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Copper lattices and grids

Mesh earthing systems are a more cost-effective option than earth plates and still work well in stony ground, reducing the step or contact voltages that may occur.

Ground enhancing products

Compounds that retain soil moisture and provide salts to significantly lower the resistance.

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Conductiver Plus

CONDUCTIVER PLUS is a ground enhancing gel with low solubility which is, nonetheless, very hygroscopic. It is made of an electrolyte base, which contributes to the conductivity of the mixture.

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APLICEM

In high resistivity soils it is necessary to use a specific material to obtain a suitable grounding resistance.

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APLIFILL and other ground enhancing products

APLIFILL is a highly hygroscopic compound, and therefore retains the moisture around the electrode if we use it to fill the excavation made for soil replacement.

Earth pits

Inspection records in which to take measurements of the grounding.

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Earth pits

Aplicaciones Tecnológicas earth pits cover all industrial and commercial applications as they are available in 3 materials: polypropylene, concrete and cast iron.

Equipotential bonding

Wide range of earth bars to bond all metal elements equipotentially.

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Bonding bars for earth pits

They enable the down-conductor of the lightning protection system to disconnect from the earth electrode in order to correctly measure the earth resistance.

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Equipotential bonding bar

Equipotential bar enabling several conductors to be connected to each other (cable, tape, round bar). The attachment holes at the end of the bar are separated by 164 x 35 mm and have a diameter of 8.5 mm.

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Earth bars

Equipotential bars enable connection of various cables or round conductors with tin-plated copper connection terminals (for instance, AT- 021K) carried out using 50 x 5 mm tape.

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Tin-plated copper compression terminals

Copper compression terminals to correctly connect cable with screw-nut connections.

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Earth point

Equipotential earth points which are fixed to the structure to provide attachment points for the earthing conductors.

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Earth boss

Earth boss for metal structure. M10 thread

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Fixed earthing terminal

Terminal which is attached to the structur e to provide accessible earth point. M10 thr ead.

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Distance holder

Allows the use of galvanized steel tape as a ground conductor at foundation level.

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Support for tape conductors

Allows the formation of an equipotential ring using tape conductor.

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Spark gap for earth bonding

In normal conditions, this protector keeps the earth connections isolated, thus avoiding corrosion problems. When a discharge occurs and the voltage increases in the earth connections, the spark gap will activate, directly joining the earth connections and thus preventing current passing from one to another through equipment or internal installations.

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Joint protection

Strips to protect buried connections from corrosion.

Earth clamping

Earth clams for connection between cables, tapes and/or round conductors.

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Multipurpose clamp

Earth clamp for connection between cable, round bar or copper tape and copper or copperbond earth rods.

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Rod to tape A clamp

Earth clamp for connection between copper tape and copper or copperbond earth rods.

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Rod to cable G clamp

Earth clamp for connection between cable or round bar and earth rod.

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U-bolt rod E clamp

Earth clamp for connection between copper tape and earth rods or metal re-bars.

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Rod to cable CGUV clamp

Earth clamp for connection between copper cable or round bar and earth rods or metal re-bars.

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Rod to cable lug B clamp

Earth clamp for connection between copper cable with copper compression terminal and copper or copperbond earth rods.

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Universal clamp

L or cross-shape earth clamp for connection between cable or round bar and earth rod.

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Connecting clamp

Cross-shape earth clamp for connection between cable, round bar or tape and earth rod.

How to achieve a good earthing for a lightning protection installation

In order to obtain an effective grounding, it is essential to achieve a low ground resistance, using conductors with a high resistance to corrosion and a suitable section to transport the expected current. It is also advisable to bond the connections of said conductors by exothermic or aluminothermic welding Apliweld® Secure+.

Other determining factors when designing an earthing system include:

  • The resistance should be measured regularly making it necessary to install an earth inspection pit. Aplicaciones Tecnológicas provides these inspection pits.
  • The soil humidity will reduce the earthing resistance.
  • Earthing enhancing compounds reduce the soil resistivity.
  • Buried electricity and gas installations should be identified in order to respect the security distances for each.
  • Buried pipes and water tanks should be identified in order to equipotentially bond them with the earth system.

To obtain a suitable earth resistance in earthing systems, special electrodes should be used for low-conductivity soils – enhanced electrodes, such as APLIROD dynamic electrodes or graphite electrodes. Deep electrodes or ring conductors may be used.

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