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Exothermic welding: the differences between various types of unions for earthing systems and their characteristics
The design and execution of an earthing system is a fundamental step in any type of construction. A good state of an electrical facility is vital for any modern facility, whether industrial or civil, due to the large number of processes carried out by elements connected to it. The connection of metallic elements of an earthing system can be carried out mechanically or by welding (such exothermic welding), although not all of these types of connection ensure reliable and, above all, long-lasting connections.
Calculation of the protected volume by Early Streamer Emission (ESE) Air Terminals: two valid ways with identical results
Lightning protection in buildings is crucial to avoid personal, material and economic damage. An Early Streamer Emission air terminal is a high-tech device that responds to the approach of a lightning strike, anticipating its capture of other elements within its protection zone, in order to conduct the discharge current safely to the earthing. To fulfil their functions, they must be installed after calculating their protection radius in such a way as to protect the desired elements, an operation that can be carried out using two different methods but with identical results: those proposed by the UNE21186 standard and by the Technical Building Code (CTE). However, an erroneous interpretation of the latter can be dangerous.
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